Recently, the first low-carbon evaluation technical specification standard for the dairy industry, "Technical Specification for Low-Carbon Evaluation of Dairy Enterprises" (Group Standard No.: T/FDSA 0063-2025), was officially released. This standard was jointly compiled by the Institute of Carbon Neutrality at Peking University, the Certification and Accreditation Technology Research Center of the State Administration for Market Regulation, Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jinsinan Financial Research Institute, the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the School of Food and Health at Beijing Technology and Business University, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., and the Beijing Entrepreneurs' Foundation for Environmental Protection. The standard will come into effect on April 15, 2025, and is applicable to low-carbon evaluation activities for dairy enterprises. It specifies the basic requirements, evaluation principles, evaluation procedures, evaluation methods, and evaluation reports for low-carbon evaluation of dairy enterprises.

The Technical Specification for Low Carbon Evaluation of Dairy Product Enterprises has established four major categories of indicators: management system, green energy, low carbon supply chain, and emission reduction performance.

Sustainable packaging accounts for a significant proportion in the evaluation form. "Using no less than 5% biodegradable or no less than 40% recyclable packaging materials" is specified as a specific indicator in the "Technical Specification for Low-Carbon Evaluation of Dairy Enterprises" group standard, included within the low-carbon industrial chain.

"Sustainable packaging is an important area that dairy companies have been exploring and practicing. Companies reduce the environmental impact of packaging materials through R&D of new packaging materials and optimization of packaging design," said Xu Qinyi, a researcher at the Institute of Carbon Neutrality at Peking University.

Regarding the evaluation of "sustainable packaging," Xin Bin, Vice President of SGS China, stated that SGS focuses on the selection of packaging materials, the rationality of packaging design, and the construction of packaging recycling systems. In terms of material selection, it examines whether companies prioritize the use of sustainable materials such as paper and biodegradable plastics, which have relatively lower environmental impacts during production and disposal. In terms of packaging design, it assesses whether simplification and lightweighting have been achieved, minimizing the use of packaging materials while ensuring the safe transportation and storage of products.

"There is much room for adjustment in packaging in the future," said Gao Anping, General Manager of Mengniu's Environmental Sustainability Development. First, the cost-performance ratio is not ideal. Currently, we are experimenting with 4R1D sustainable packaging, but the cost of choosing biodegradable materials is three to five times that of traditional materials. Moreover, the barrier properties of these materials are relatively poor, which may lead to a shorter shelf life. For example, with the plant-based Dream Cap, although the market has shown some recognition, the cost of single packaging has increased by thirty cents. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously increase production and sales volume to gradually reduce this cost.

Secondly, the recycling rate of packaging materials is extremely low. Domestic recycling data shows that the recycling rate of packaging materials is less than 30%. The main reason for the low recycling rate is that the public generally lacks awareness of the recycling value of packaging materials. The revenue from recycling a packaging material is between 0.15 to 0.20 yuan. Currently, the recycling system is not yet complete and is mainly concentrated in large cities like Shanghai and Hangzhou, making it difficult to implement in other cities.

Again, there are numerous industry barriers. It is difficult to coordinate the interests of parties such as users, manufacturers, and environmental protection departments. For example, the state prohibits the recycling and use of certain materials, but companies sometimes find it hard to ensure complete compliance. Therefore, many difficulties exist in the advancement process. Gao Anping believes that if we want to achieve sustainable packaging in the future, integration needs to be prioritized first. Through management platforms, data should be automatically generated, and differences can be identified through data analysis while finding the balance between investment and returns. This requires achieving through big data analysis and empowerment.

"We recommend that enterprises, from the perspective of long-term development, increase investment in the research and procurement of sustainable packaging materials, collaborate with professional packaging design companies to optimize packaging design solutions, actively coordinate with upstream and downstream enterprises, establish a comprehensive packaging recycling system, jointly promote the green transformation of the entire dairy industry chain in the packaging sector, better respond to the growing green consumption demands of consumers, and contribute to the transition of society towards a green lifestyle," said Xin Bin.

Promoting low-carbon transformation in the dairy industry cannot be achieved without policy support. "We hope to rely on government supervision to ensure that the standards already established can be effectively implemented, allowing companies to fairly compete under unified standards. At the national level, support can be given for the establishment of new standards, including policy subsidies, setting up funds, and so forth. We also hope that the government can open up some innovation platforms for us to participate in. Overall, I hope that both the government and enterprises can work together to achieve these goals across all dimensions," said Gao Anping.

Green development in China has been guided in part by the trend toward green, low-carbon economics. The importance of green and low-carbon development was once again emphasized in this year's government work report, which proposed the coordinated advancement of carbon reduction, pollution control, increased green spaces, and economic growth. It also called for accelerating the comprehensive green transition of the economy and society, and outlined specific goals for green and low-carbon development.

In recent years, China's dairy production level has significantly improved, and dairy consumption continues to grow rapidly, with the dairy product manufacturing industry developing steadily. The "China Dairy Quality Report (2024)" shows that in 2023, there were 654 dairy processing enterprises above the scale, with main business income of 462.09 billion yuan, and the output of dairy products reached 30.546 million tons.

At the same time, dairy product manufacturers are also one of the major sources of carbon emissions in the agri-food system. In 2024, the global average temperature exceeded the pre-industrial level by 1.5 degrees Celsius for the first time. Global climate change has intensified, and food systems account for about one-third of global emissions, with the dairy industry contributing a significant proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The transformation of the dairy industry towards green and low-carbon practices is becoming a trend.