Authorized Release: Suggestions from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 28.

Suggestions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

(Approved by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 23, 2025)

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducted an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic situation and proposed the following suggestions for formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development.

The "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" period is a key period for basically achieving socialist modernization.

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China achieved significant accomplishments in its development. This period was marked by an extraordinary and challenging journey. Facing complex international situations and arduous domestic tasks of reform, development, and stability, the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core united and led the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups to rise to challenges and forge ahead with determination. They withstood the severe impact of the century pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and advanced the cause of the Party and the country to achieve new significant accomplishments. Economic operations maintained stability and progress, high-quality development was solidly promoted; scientific and technological innovations yielded fruitful results, and new productive forces developed steadily; comprehensive deepening of reforms was further advanced, and high-level opening to the outside world continuously expanded; whole-process people's democracy was deeply developed, and comprehensive law-based governance was effectively implemented; cultural undertakings and industries flourished, and spiritual and cultural products were rich and diverse; livelihood security was solid and stable, and the achievements in poverty alleviation were consolidated and expanded; the pace of green and low-carbon transformation accelerated, and the quality of the ecological environment continuously improved; national security capabilities were effectively enhanced, social governance efficiency increased, and the overall social situation remained stable; significant progress was made in national defense and military development; the practice of "one country, two systems" was deeply advanced; major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics was fully expanded; comprehensive and strict governance of the Party showed significant results, the anti-corruption struggle was furthered in depth, and the Party's creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness were noticeably enhanced. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and overall national power reached new heights, and Chinese-style modernization took solid new steps, opening a good start for the new journey toward the second centenary goal. The fundamental reason for these significant achievements lies in the leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core and the scientific direction provided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

The "15th Five-Year Plan" period holds a crucial role in the process of basically achieving socialist modernization, serving as a bridge between the past and the future. Achieving socialist modernization is a step-by-step, progressive historical process that requires relentless effort and continuous struggle. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical phase for laying a solid foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. It is necessary to consolidate and expand advantages, overcome bottlenecks and constraints, and strengthen weak points. In the fierce international competition, China must gain strategic initiative and achieve significant breakthroughs in strategic tasks related to the overall situation of Chinese-style modernization, laying a more solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization.

During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's development environment faces profound and complex changes. The relationships among major powers influence the international situation, and the evolution of the international situation profoundly affects domestic development. China is in a period where strategic opportunities coexist with risks and challenges, and there are increasing uncertain and unpredictable factors. From an international perspective, the accelerated evolution of the world's major changes unseen in a century is taking place, with profound adjustments in the balance of international power and rapid breakthroughs in a new round of technological and industrial revolution. China possesses many favorable factors to actively manage its international space and shape the external environment. However, global chaos and turmoil are intertwined, with geopolitical conflicts becoming more frequent; unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, the threat of hegemonism and power politics is increasing, the international economic and trade order faces severe challenges, and there is insufficient momentum for world economic growth. Major power competition is becoming more complex and intense. Domestically, China's economic foundation is stable, with many advantages, strong resilience, and great potential. The supporting conditions and basic trend of long-term positive development remain unchanged. The advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the advantages of a super-large-scale market, a complete industrial system, and abundant human resources are more prominent. At the same time, problems of unbalanced and inadequate development remain prominent; effective demand is insufficient, and there are blockages in the domestic economic cycle. The task of transitioning from old to new growth drivers is challenging; agricultural and rural modernization is relatively lagging; there is considerable pressure on employment and income growth, and there are shortcomings in social security. Changes in the population structure pose new challenges for economic development and social governance, and there are still risks and hidden dangers in key areas.

Changes contain opportunities, and challenges inspire fighting spirit. The entire Party must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," reinforce the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Upholds." We must maintain strategic resolve, enhance confidence in victory, actively recognize, adapt to, and seek changes, dare to struggle, be adept at struggle, and bravely face major tests of high winds and waves, even tempestuous seas. With a proactive historical spirit, we must overcome difficulties, combat risks, meet challenges, and concentrate our efforts on managing our own affairs well. We aim to continue writing new chapters of the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and strive to create a new landscape for Chinese-style modernization.

Guiding Principles and Main Objectives for Economic and Social Development during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period

During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, the guiding ideology for economic and social development is to adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the "Three Represents," and the Scientific Outlook on Development, while fully implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It involves thoroughly implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, focusing on building a modern socialist country in all respects and achieving the second centenary goal. Through Chinese-style modernization, it aims to comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, coordinate the advancement of the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," and harmonize the promotion of the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout. It emphasizes the integration of domestic and international considerations, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development philosophy, accelerating the establishment of a new development pattern, adhering to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, focusing on economic development as the central task, and driving high-quality development as the theme, with reform and innovation as fundamental drivers. The ultimate goal is to meet the people's growing needs for a better life, with strict governance of the Party serving as the fundamental guarantee. This approach aims to achieve substantial qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth in the economy, promote comprehensive human development, and take solid steps toward common prosperity for all people, ensuring decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization.

The principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.

- Uphold the comprehensive leadership of the Party. Firmly maintain the authority and centralized unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, enhance the Party's ability to set direction, plan overall strategies, determine policies, and promote reforms, and integrate the Party's leadership into all aspects and processes of economic and social development, providing fundamental guarantees for the modernization construction of socialism in our country.

- Uphold the principle of putting people first. Respect the primary status of the people, rely closely on them, safeguard their fundamental interests, promote social fairness and justice, focus on ensuring and improving people's livelihoods in the course of development, expand development space by meeting people's needs, promote coordinated development of the economy and society, and ensure that material and spiritual civilizations complement each other, so that the achievements of modernization benefit all people more equitably.

- Adhere to high-quality development. Lead development with new development concepts, develop new productive forces according to local conditions, strengthen the domestic cycle, and smooth the domestic and international dual cycles. Coordinate the expansion of domestic demand and the deepening of supply-side structural reforms, accelerate the cultivation of new drivers, promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure, optimize the increment, revitalize the stock, and promote sustained and healthy economic development and comprehensive social progress.

——Persist in comprehensively deepening reform. Focus on the institutional and mechanistic obstacles that restrict high-quality development, promote deep-level reforms, expand high-level opening up, and advance the better alignment of production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic foundation, national governance and social development, continuously enhancing development momentum and social vitality.

Persist in combining an effective market with an active government. Fully leverage the decisive role of the market in resource allocation while better utilizing the role of the government. Build a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, establish a rule-of-law economy and a credit economy, create a first-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized, and form an economic order that is both "dynamic" and "well-regulated."

—— ——Adhere to the overall coordination of development and security. Ensure safety in development and seek development in safety, strengthen bottom-line thinking, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, enhance economic and social resilience, and guarantee the new development pattern with a new security pattern.

During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the main objectives for economic and social development.

——Significant achievements have been made in high-quality development. Economic growth has remained within a reasonable range, total factor productivity has steadily increased, and the rate of resident consumption has notably improved. The role of domestic demand as the main driving force for economic growth has continued to strengthen, and the potential for economic growth has been fully released. The construction of a unified national market has been further advanced, the advantages of a super-large-scale market have continued to emerge, and major progress has been made in new-type industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. Significant breakthroughs have been achieved in developing new quality productivity, constructing a new development pattern, and building a modern economic system.

The level of self-reliance and strength in science and technology has significantly improved. The overall effectiveness of the national innovation system has been markedly enhanced, and a development framework integrating education, science, technology, and talent has essentially been formed. The capabilities in basic research and original innovation have been significantly strengthened, with rapid breakthroughs in key core technologies in critical areas, and a noticeable increase in the number of areas where we are keeping pace or leading. The deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation has been achieved, and the role of innovation as a driving force has been significantly enhanced.

Further comprehensive and deepened reforms have achieved new breakthroughs. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity has been further advanced, the socialist market economic system has been further improved, the systems and mechanisms for high-level opening-up have been further refined, the institutionalization, standardization, and proceduralization of whole-process people's democracy have been further enhanced, and the building of a socialist rule-of-law country has reached a higher level.

The level of social civilization has significantly improved. Cultural confidence has become more resolute, mainstream ideology and public opinion have been continuously consolidated and strengthened, the core socialist values have been widely practiced, and the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation have been continuously stimulated. People's spiritual and cultural lives are richer, the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the influence of Chinese culture have been significantly enhanced, and the country's soft power continues to increase.

The quality of people's lives continues to improve. New progress has been made in achieving high-quality and full employment, with residents' income growth keeping pace with economic growth, and labor compensation increasing in tandem with labor productivity. The distribution structure has been optimized, the middle-income group continues to expand, the social security system has been further optimized and made more sustainable, and the level of equalization of basic public services has significantly improved.

Significant progress has been made in building a Beautiful China. Green production and lifestyle have been fundamentally established, the carbon peak target has been achieved on schedule, and a new clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system has been initially established. The total emissions of major pollutants have continued to decrease, and the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems have been continuously enhanced.

The national security barrier has been further consolidated. The national security system and capabilities have been further strengthened, key area risks have been effectively prevented and mitigated, social governance and public safety governance levels have significantly improved, the goal of building a strong military by the centenary has been achieved on schedule, and the construction of a higher-level Safe China has been steadily advanced.

Based on this, we will strive for another five years, and by 2035, we aim to significantly enhance our economic strength, technological strength, national defense strength, overall national strength, and international influence. The per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and better, and we will basically achieve socialist modernization.

Building a modern industrial system to consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy.

A modern industrial system is the material and technological foundation of Chinese modernization. Emphasizing the focus of economic development on the real economy, following the directions of intelligence, greenness, and integration, accelerating the construction of a strong manufacturing nation, a strong quality nation, a strong aerospace nation, a strong transportation nation, and a strong network nation, maintaining a reasonable proportion of the manufacturing industry, and building a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone.

(7) Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Promote quality improvement and upgrading of key industries, consolidating and enhancing the status and competitiveness of mining, metallurgy, chemicals, light industry, textiles, machinery, shipbuilding, and construction in the global industrial division of labor. Improve the level of self-controllability of the industrial chain, strengthen the reconstruction of the industrial foundation and the tackling of major technological equipment, and implement high-quality development actions for key manufacturing industry chains on a rolling basis, developing advanced manufacturing clusters. Promote technological transformation and upgrading, facilitate the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing, develop intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing, and accelerate the transformation of industrial models and corporate organizational forms. Enhance the capacity for quality and technical foundations, strengthen standard leadership, improve internationalization levels, and enhance brand building. Optimize industrial layout and promote the orderly transfer of key industries domestically.

(8) Foster and expand emerging and future industries. Focus on building new pillar industries. Implement industrial innovation projects, advance innovation facility construction, technology research and development, and product iteration and upgrading, and accelerate the development of strategic emerging industry clusters such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and low-altitude economy. Improve the industrial ecosystem, implement large-scale application demonstration actions for new technologies, new products, and new scenarios, and accelerate the large-scale development of emerging industries.

Advance the strategic planning of future industries, explore diverse technological pathways, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulatory rules, and promote quantum technology, bio-manufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, sixth-generation mobile communications, etc., to become new economic growth points. Innovate regulatory approaches, develop venture capital, and establish mechanisms for increasing investment and risk-sharing in future industries. Promote the specialized and innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and cultivate unicorn companies.

(9) Promote high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. Implement the service industry capacity expansion and quality improvement initiative, expand the opening-up of the service sector, deepen regulatory reforms, improve the supportive policy system, and expand high-quality business entities. Advance the specialization and high-value chain extension of production-oriented services in specific fields, and promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of life-oriented services. Enhance the integration level of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture, and advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the service industry. Strengthen the construction of service standards and quality brands. Improve the statistical and monitoring system for the service industry.

(10) Build a modernized infrastructure system. Strengthen the coordinated planning of infrastructure, optimize layout structure, promote integration and fusion, and enhance safety resilience and operational sustainability. Appropriately advance the construction of new infrastructure, promote the development and efficient utilization of information and communication networks, a nationwide integrated computing power network, major scientific and technological infrastructure, and advance the upgrading and intelligent transformation of traditional infrastructure. Improve the modern comprehensive transportation system, strengthen cross-regional coordinated layout and intermodal integration, and enhance coverage and accessibility in underdeveloped areas. Develop a diversified and resilient international transportation channel system. Optimize the layout of backbone energy channels and intensify the construction of new energy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network to enhance flood disaster prevention, water resource allocation, and urban and rural water supply capabilities. Promote the construction of dual-use public infrastructure for both regular and emergency situations in urban areas.

4. Accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening to lead the development of new productive forces.

Chinese-style modernization relies on technological modernization as its support. Seize the historical opportunity of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong nation in education, science and technology, and talent, enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system, fully strengthen independent innovation capabilities, seize the high ground of technological development, and continuously foster new productive forces.

(11) Strengthen original innovation and key core technology breakthroughs. Improve the new type of statewide system, adopt extraordinary measures, and promote decisive breakthroughs in key core technologies in areas such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing through a full-chain approach. Highlight national strategic needs and deploy a number of major national scientific and technological tasks. Strengthen the strategic, forward-looking, and systematic layout of basic research, increase the proportion of investment in basic research, and enhance long-term stable support. Reinforce the orientation of scientific research and technology development towards original innovation, optimize the environment conducive to original and disruptive innovation, and produce more landmark original achievements.

(12) Promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces to enhance systematic problem-solving capabilities. Strengthen the autonomous guarantee of basic scientific and technological conditions and coordinate the construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms and bases. Improve the regional innovation system, layout and build regional technology innovation centers and industrial technology innovation hubs, and enhance the source function of international technology innovation centers. Accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements, layout and build concept verification and pilot test verification platforms, increase the construction and openness of application scenarios, and strengthen the protection and utilization of intellectual property rights. Create a globally competitive open innovation ecosystem. Support young scientific and technological talents in innovation and entrepreneurship. Strengthen the popularization of science and technology, cultivate an innovation culture, and promote the spirit of scientists. Enhance the construction of scientific and technological rule of law, ethics, integrity, and safety.

Strengthen the principal position of enterprises in technological innovation, promote the aggregation of innovation resources towards enterprises, support enterprises in leading the formation of innovation consortia, and undertake more national scientific and technological research tasks. Encourage enterprises to increase investment in basic research and promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain. Cultivate and expand leading technology enterprises, support the development of high-tech enterprises and technology-based SMEs, and increase the proportion of additional deductions for enterprise R&D expenses. Enhance government procurement of independent innovation products.

(13) Promoting the integrated development of education, science, and technology talent. Establish and improve a coordinated mechanism for integrated advancement, strengthen planning alignment, policy coordination, resource integration, and evaluation linkage, and promote positive interaction between independent technological innovation and autonomous talent cultivation. Build globally influential education, science, and talent centers. Align talent cultivation with technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs by optimizing the layout of higher education institutions, advancing category-based reforms, and coordinating discipline settings. Deepen the development of "Double First-Class" universities and national interdisciplinary centers, and enhance the talent aggregation and cultivation functions of research institutions, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology programs to nurture top-notch innovative talent. Accelerate building a national strategic talent force and cultivate more strategic scientists, leading scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled personnel. Strengthen talent collaboration, optimize the talent structure, and promote the coordinated regional development of talent. Use innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution as evaluation criteria to deepen reforms in project review, institutional evaluation, talent appraisal, and income distribution, smooth the channels for talent exchange among universities, research institutes, and enterprises, and stimulate innovation and creativity. Deepen international exchanges and cooperation, establish a high-tech talent immigration system, and attract and cultivate outstanding global talent.

(14) Deepen the construction of Digital China. Establish foundational systems for data elements and build a nationwide integrated data market that is open, shared, and secure, while deepening the development and utilization of data resources. Promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy, and implement projects for the innovative development of the industrial internet. Accelerate innovation in digital intelligence technologies like artificial intelligence, breakthrough foundational theories and core technologies, and strengthen the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data. Fully implement the "Artificial Intelligence+" initiative to lead the transformation of research paradigms, and enhance the integration of artificial intelligence with industrial development, cultural construction, livelihood security, and social governance, seizing the high ground in artificial intelligence industry applications to empower various sectors comprehensively. Strengthen the governance of artificial intelligence, improve related laws and regulations, policy systems, application standards, and ethical guidelines. Improve regulation, and promote the innovation and healthy development of the platform economy.

V. Strengthening the domestic market and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern.

A strong domestic market is the strategic support for Chinese-style modernization. It is essential to adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic foundation, ensuring the improvement of people's livelihoods and promoting consumption, closely integrating investment in goods and investment in people. This involves guiding new supply with new demand and creating new demand with new supply, to facilitate positive interactions between consumption and investment, supply and demand, thereby enhancing the endogenous dynamism and reliability of the domestic economic cycle.

(15) Vigorously boost consumption. Deeply implement special actions to stimulate consumption. Coordinate efforts to promote employment, increase income, and stabilize expectations, and reasonably increase the proportion of public service expenditures in fiscal expenditures to enhance residents' consumption capacity. Expand the supply of high-quality consumer goods and services. Focus on relaxing market entry and integrating business formats to expand service consumption, strengthen brand leadership, upgrade standards, and apply new technologies to promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption, and create a number of new consumption scenarios with wide impact and high visibility. Cultivate international consumer hub cities and expand inbound consumption. Increase the intensity of universal policies that directly benefit consumers and allocate more government funds for livelihood security expenditures. Improve systems and mechanisms to promote consumption, clear unreasonable restrictive measures on automobile and housing consumption, establish and improve management methods that adapt to new consumption formats, models, and scenarios, and implement staggered paid vacations. Strengthen the protection of consumer rights.

(16) Expanding Effective Investment. Maintain a reasonable growth in investment and improve investment efficiency. Optimize the structure of government investment and increase the proportion of government investment in people's livelihood. Promote the implementation of major national strategies and the construction of key areas' security capability projects with high quality. Adapt to demographic changes and migration trends, improve the layout of infrastructure and public service facilities, and strengthen investment in human resource development and comprehensive human development. Coordinate the use of various types of government investments and explore the preparation of comprehensive government investment plans in areas with a good foundation. Strengthen the whole-process management of government investment. Deepen the reform of the investment approval system, further clarify the investment directions and priorities of the central and local governments. Enhance planning and demonstration, and implement a number of major landmark projects. Improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in major project construction, leverage the guiding role of government investment funds, stimulate private investment vitality, increase the proportion of private investment, and enhance the growth momentum of market-led effective investment.

(17) Resolutely eliminate barriers hindering the construction of a unified national market. Standardize the basic institutional rules of the market, improve systems for property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and acquisitions, and market exit. Remove obstacles in areas such as access to resources, qualification recognition, bidding, and government procurement. Regulate local government economic promotion behaviors, and eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation. Address "involution-style" competition comprehensively. Standardize market supervision and law enforcement, strengthen quality regulation, improve the administrative discretion benchmark system, and enhance anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement and judicial processes to foster a market order characterized by high quality and reasonable pricing, and healthy competition. Establish integrated circulation rules and standards, connect market facilities to high standards, and reduce logistics costs for society as a whole. Improve statistics, fiscal, tax, and assessment systems conducive to the construction of a unified national market, and optimize the interest-sharing between company headquarters and branches, as well as production and consumption locations.

6. Accelerate the establishment of a high-level socialist market economic system to enhance the momentum for high-quality development.

A high-level socialist market economy system is an important guarantee for Chinese-style modernization. We will uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, better leverage the guiding role of economic system reform, enhance the macroeconomic governance system, and ensure that high-quality development remains steady and sustainable.

(18) Fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Adhere to and implement the "two unwavering principles" to promote the complementary advantages and joint development of different types of ownership economies. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, strengthen, optimize, and expand state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital, promote the optimization and structural adjustment of the layout of the state-owned economy, enhance the core functions of state-owned enterprises, and improve core competitiveness. Implement the Private Economy Promotion Law to ensure, from a legal and institutional perspective, equal access to production factors, fair participation in market competition, and the effective protection of legitimate rights and interests, thereby developing and expanding the private economy. Support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual businesses, and promote the collaborative and integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises. Strengthen the judicial protection of property rights and enhance judicial supervision over compulsory measures such as sealing, seizure, and freezing. Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promote the entrepreneurial spirit, and accelerate the building of more world-class enterprises.

(19) Accelerate the improvement of the system and mechanisms for the market-oriented allocation of factors. Promote the efficient allocation of various types of factor resources, establish a unified urban-rural construction land market, a well-functioning capital market, a smoothly flowing labor market, and an efficient technology market. Compile a macro asset-liability statement to comprehensively understand the stock of resource assets and optimize the asset-liability structure. Improve policies on mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy, and replacement to activate and make good use of underutilized land, idle properties, and existing infrastructure. Improve the laws and regulations regarding the renewal of industrial and commercial land use rights, and steadily advance the renewal work in accordance with the law. Promote the activation and sharing of existing state-owned assets in national administrative and public institutions. Promote the organic connection between judicial enforcement of judgments and the bankruptcy system, effectively activating seized and frozen assets in accordance with the law.

(20) Enhancing the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance. Strengthen the strategic guiding role of national development planning, enhance the coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, and effectively utilize policies related to industry, pricing, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regional development, environmental protection, and regulation. This aims to promote an economic development model driven more by domestic demand, consumption, and endogenous growth. Strengthen counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, implement more proactive macroeconomic policies, and continuously stabilize growth, employment, and expectations. Enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation, strengthen the evaluation of policy implementation effects, improve expectation management mechanisms, and optimize comprehensive performance assessments for high-quality development.

Implement proactive fiscal policies to enhance fiscal sustainability. Strengthen scientific management of finance, improve the coordination of financial resources and budgeting, and reinforce fiscal support for major national strategic tasks and basic livelihood needs. Deepen zero-based budgeting reform, unify budgeting authority, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditures, and enhance budget performance management. Improve the local tax and direct tax systems, refine taxation policies for business income, capital income, and property income, standardize tax incentive policies, and maintain a reasonable macro tax burden level. Appropriately strengthen central government responsibilities and increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditures. Increase local fiscal autonomy. Strengthen financial and accounting supervision. Accelerate the establishment of a long-term mechanism for government debt management that aligns with high-quality development.

Accelerate the construction of a strong financial nation. Improve the central banking system, establish a scientific and robust monetary policy framework, and a comprehensive macroprudential management system, and ensure the smooth transmission of monetary policy. Vigorously develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. Enhance the inclusiveness and adaptability of capital market systems, and improve capital market functions that coordinate investment and financing. Actively develop direct financing such as equity and bonds, and steadily advance futures, derivatives, and asset securitization. Optimize the financial institution system, promote various financial institutions to focus on their main businesses, improve governance, and develop in a differentiated manner. Build safe and efficient financial infrastructure. Steadily develop digital renminbi. Accelerate the development of Shanghai as an international financial center. Fully strengthen financial regulation, enhance central-local regulatory coordination, enrich resources and means for risk disposal, and build a risk prevention and resolution system to ensure the stable operation of finance.

VII. Expand High-Level Opening-Up and Create a New Landscape of Win-Win Cooperation

Adhering to open cooperation and mutual benefit is an essential requirement of Chinese-style modernization. Steadily expanding institutional opening-up, upholding the multilateral trading system, and expanding international circulation to promote reform and development through openness, sharing opportunities and achieving common development with countries around the world.

(21) Actively expand independent opening-up. Align with high-standard international economic and trade rules, focus on expanding market access and areas of openness in the service sector, and broaden unilateral open areas and regions. Accelerate the process of regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, and expand the network of high-standard free trade zones. Optimize the regional opening layout and create diverse forms of open highlands. Implement the strategy to enhance free trade pilot zones and build the Hainan Free Trade Port to high standards. Coordinate the establishment of major open cooperation platforms for technological innovation, service trade, and industrial development. Promote the internationalization of the Renminbi, enhance the level of capital account openness, and build an independent and controllable cross-border payment system for the Renminbi. Advance global economic and financial governance reform, and promote the establishment and maintenance of a fair, just, open, inclusive, and mutually beneficial international economic order.

(22) Promote Innovative Development of Trade. Enhance the quality and efficiency of foreign trade and accelerate the construction of a strong trading nation. Promote market diversification and the integration of domestic and foreign trade, optimize and upgrade goods trade, expand intermediate goods trade and green trade, and promote balanced development of imports and exports. Vigorously develop service trade, encourage service exports, improve the management system of the negative list for cross-border service trade, and enhance the standardization level of service trade. Innovatively develop digital trade and orderly expand openness in the digital field. Enhance the functionality of trade promotion platforms and support the development of new business models such as cross-border e-commerce. Improve export control and security review mechanisms.

(23) Expand the space for two-way investment cooperation. Create new advantages for attracting foreign investment, implement "entry and operation" policies, reduce the negative list for foreign investment access, and promote reinvestment by foreign investors domestically. Improve the service and support system for foreign investment, fully implement national treatment, facilitate efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border data flows, and foster a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Effectively implement overseas investment management, improve the comprehensive overseas service system, promote the integration of trade and investment, and guide the reasonable and orderly cross-border layout of industrial and supply chains.

(24) High-quality co-construction of the "Belt and Road" Initiative. Strengthen strategic alignment with partner countries and enhance the overall management of cooperation plans. Deepen "hard connectivity" in infrastructure, "soft connectivity" in rules and standards, and "people-to-people connectivity" with the people of partner countries. Improve the layout of a comprehensive interconnected network and promote the construction of major landmark projects as well as "small but beautiful" livelihood projects. Enhance the development level of China-Europe (Asia) freight trains. Accelerate the construction of the new western land-sea corridor. Deepen practical cooperation in trade, investment, industry, and culture, and expand new areas of cooperation in green development, artificial intelligence, digital economy, health, tourism, and agriculture. Improve a diversified, sustainable, and risk-controlled investment and financing system. Strengthen the protection of overseas interests.

8. Accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and solidly advance the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.

The modernization of agriculture and rural areas is closely related to the overall situation and quality of Chinese-style modernization. We must prioritize solving the "three rural issues" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) as the top priority of the entire Party's work, promote integrated urban-rural development, continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, ensure that rural areas basically meet modern living conditions, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country.

(25) Enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and quality efficiency. Adhere to focusing on both output and capacity, production and ecology, and increasing production and income simultaneously. Coordinate the development of scientific, green, quality, and brand agriculture to build agriculture into a modernized major industry. Intensify the implementation of a new round of actions to increase grain production capacity by tens of billions of kilograms, enhancing the supply guarantee capacity for grain and other important agricultural products. Strictly adhere to the red line of arable land, strictly manage the balance of land occupation and compensation, and optimize the layout of agricultural land. Promote high-quality construction of high-standard farmland, strengthen the protection of black soil, and comprehensively utilize saline-alkali land to improve the quality of arable land. Deepen the implementation of the seed industry revitalization action, promote the research and application of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas, and enhance the integration and efficiency of good fields, good seeds, good machinery, and good methods. Uphold the joint development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, develop modern facility agriculture, and build a diversified food supply system. Develop the under-forest economy and expand the forestry and grassland industry. Stabilize land contracting relationships and steadily advance a pilot program to extend the second round of contracts for another thirty years upon expiration. Develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations, improve the development quality of new agricultural business entities, and perfect an efficient and convenient agricultural social service system to promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture.

(26) Promote the construction of livable, business-friendly, and beautiful countryside. Learn from the "Ten Thousand Villages Project" experience and improve the implementation mechanism of rural construction according to local conditions, promoting rural revitalization in a classified, orderly, and regional manner. Gradually enhance the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of living environments. Optimize village and town layouts in a coordinated manner and promote integrated planning, construction, and management of county-level infrastructure. Collaboratively advance county-level territorial space governance, steadily carry out comprehensive land remediation, and continuously improve rural living environments. With a spirit of persistence, address issues such as rural toilet renovation and garbage surrounding villages, accelerate efforts to upgrade modern living conditions in rural areas, and create high-quality living spaces in the countryside. Develop diverse county economies, harness multiple functions of agriculture, promote deep integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, cultivate and strengthen rural specialty industries, improve mechanisms that link and support farmers, and facilitate stable income growth for farmers.

(27) Enhance the effectiveness of policies that strengthen, benefit, and enrich agriculture. Establish a diversified investment structure with fiscal priority guarantees, financial focus inclinations, and active social participation to ensure increasing investment in rural revitalization. Protect and motivate farmers' enthusiasm for farming and grain production by strengthening policy support and coordination in terms of pricing, subsidies, and insurance. Increase compensation for the interests of major grain-producing areas and implement inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation between production and sales areas. Strengthen the management of grain purchase, sale, and reserves. Promote the diversification of agricultural product imports to harmonize trade and production. Facilitate the bidirectional flow of urban and rural elements, encouraging various talents to serve, start businesses, and seek employment in rural areas. Economize and intensively utilize rural collective operational construction land, and legally activate and make good use of idle land and houses, while categorically ensuring land use for rural development. Support the development of new types of rural collective economies.

Establish a regularized mechanism to prevent returning to poverty, adhere to precise assistance, improve bottom-line guarantees, strengthen developmental assistance, enhance internal motivation, and provide tiered and categorized support to underdeveloped areas. Improve support policies for key counties in rural revitalization to ensure that large-scale return to poverty does not occur.

Optimizing regional economic layout and promoting coordinated regional development.

Regional coordinated development is an intrinsic requirement of Chinese-style modernization. By leveraging the synergistic effects of regional coordinated development strategies, major regional strategies, principal functional area strategies, and new urbanization strategies, we can optimize the layout of major productive forces, utilize the role of growth poles in key areas, and build a regional economic layout and land spatial system that complement each other's advantages and promote high-quality development.

(28) Enhance regional development coordination. Earnestly promote the formation of a new pattern in the large-scale development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and expedite the modernization of the eastern region, promoting coordinated development between the eastern, central, and western regions as well as the northern and southern areas. Consolidate and enhance the role of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as sources of high-quality development momentum. Continue to advance the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Promote the construction of the Xiong'an New Area as a modernized city with high standards and quality, and enhance the development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. Encourage each region to leverage its comparative advantages and strengths, and support major economic provinces to take the lead and set examples in advancing Chinese-style modernization. Increase differentiated policy support to promote the revitalization and development of revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority regions, and border areas.

(29) Promote regional coordinated development. Advance the construction of major cross-regional and cross-basin corridors, and strengthen the interconnectivity of regional infrastructure. Enhance the coordinated and linked development of key urban agglomerations, and promote the efficient collaboration of innovation chains and industrial chains in the region. Accelerate the development of urban agglomerations in the central Yangtze River region, cultivate several regional central cities, and better leverage the supportive and driving role of cross-regional connectivity areas. Deepen cooperation across administrative regions, improve mechanisms for planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing among regions, and expand models such as basin economy.

(30) Optimize the spatial development pattern of the national territory. Strengthen the implementation of the main functional area strategy, maintain the overall stability of urbanized areas, main agricultural product production areas, and key ecological function areas, and further specify special functional zones. Improve supporting policies and assessment and evaluation mechanisms. Promote the optimization of the layout of strategic industries, and energy and resource bases. Improve the national territorial spatial planning system, implement and optimize control lines such as arable land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red lines, and urban development boundaries, and implement differentiated and refined land use regulation by region and category. Grant provincial governments greater autonomy in coordinating construction land, explore the implementation of a planning period-controlled total construction land model, and carry out a coordinated approach to the supply of both existing and new land.

(31) Deepen the promotion of people-oriented new urbanization. Scientifically and orderly advance the urbanization of the agricultural migrant population, and implement a system where basic public services are provided based on permanent residence registration. Promote the modernization of governance in mega and super-large cities, accelerate the integration of urban agglomerations and the unification of metropolitan areas, optimize the structure of city sizes, and promote coordinated development and compact layout of large, medium, small cities, and small towns. Advance urbanization construction with the county as an important carrier in a classified manner, enhance industrial support capabilities and public service levels. Adhere to the connotative development of cities, vigorously implement urban renewal, and build innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and smart modern cities for the people. Steadily promote the construction of border towns.

Strengthen the development, utilization, and protection of the ocean. Adhere to the coordinated development of land and sea, enhance maritime strategic capabilities, promote high-quality development of the marine economy, and accelerate the construction of a maritime power. Strengthen marine scientific and technological innovation, consolidate and enhance the advantages of the marine equipment manufacturing industry, expand emerging marine industries, and develop modern shipping services. Implement marine surveys and monitoring, promote the development and utilization of marine energy resources and marine islands, and strengthen the protection and restoration of ecological environments in key sea areas. Reinforce the support and system for deep-sea and polar exploration. Firmly safeguard maritime rights and interests and security, and improve maritime law enforcement and judicial capabilities.

10. Stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation and promote the prosperous development of socialist culture.

Cultural prosperity is an important hallmark of Chinese-style modernization. By upholding the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain, rooting in the profound Chinese civilization, and conforming to the development trend of information technology, we aim to develop a new era of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics that possesses strong ideological leadership, spiritual cohesiveness, value appeal, and international influence, thereby solidly advancing the construction of a culturally strong nation.

(33) Promote and practice socialist core values. Deepen the study and educational promotion of the Party's innovative theories, and consistently use Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge a strong spiritual foundation. Innovatively implement the Marxist theory research and construction project, and accelerate the development of an independent knowledge system in Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Use socialist core values to guide cultural development, and enhance the role of culture in nurturing aspirations and cultivating character, fostering a spirited and dynamic national ethos. Promote the culture of integrity and honesty, and a culture of clean governance. Strengthen and improve ideological and political work, advance campus culture development, utilize red resources, and strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs among the youth. Coordinate the advancement of spiritual civilization construction in urban and rural areas, and improve the civic quality and social civilization level of the people. Strengthen the construction and management of online content. Enhance governance capabilities in the cultural domain under information technology conditions.

(34) Vigorously promote the flourishing of cultural undertakings. Create a favorable cultural environment, enhance original cultural capabilities, and promote the creation of high-quality works in fields such as journalism, publishing, broadcasting, film, literature, and art. Cultivate and form a large-scale, well-structured, and innovative high-level cultural talent team. Widely carry out mass cultural activities, and promote new mass art under internet conditions. Deepen systemic reform of mainstream media, promote integrated management of news publicity and online public opinion, and enhance the guiding ability of mainstream public opinion. Deeply implement the project for the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture, promote systematic protection and unified supervision and inspection of cultural heritage, and strengthen the effective protection and living inheritance of historical and cultural cities, districts, and villages. Build and effectively utilize national cultural parks. Construct a Chinese civilization identification system. Adhere to benefiting the people through culture, and implement actions to improve the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. Promote the building of a reading society. Coordinate the development of mass sports and competitive sports, and accelerate the construction of a strong sports nation.

Accelerate the development of the cultural industry. Improve the cultural management system and the production and operation mechanism. Strengthen the cultural industry system and market system, cultivate outstanding cultural enterprises and brands, and implement a strategy driven by major cultural industry projects and active cultural economic policies. Promote the integration of culture and technology, enhance the empowerment of cultural construction through digital and intelligent means, and facilitate the digital transformation to develop new forms of cultural business. Guide and regulate the healthy development of online literature, online games, and online audiovisual content, and strengthen the protection of minors online. Advance the construction of a strong tourism nation, enrich the supply of high-quality tourism products, and improve the quality of tourism services. Enhance the convenience and internationalization of inbound tourism. Promote the deep integration of culture and tourism, vigorously develop the cultural tourism industry, and empower economic and social development through culture.

(36) Enhance the influence and reach of Chinese civilization. Improve international communication systems and mechanisms, innovate communication platforms and methods, strengthen the construction of key bases, and enhance the international communication capabilities of mainstream media. Fully enhance international discourse power, tell China's story well, and present a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China. Strengthen regional and country-specific studies to improve the effectiveness of international communication. Deepen exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, widely engage in international cultural exchanges and cooperation, and encourage more cultural enterprises and outstanding cultural products to go global.

XI. Strengthen the guarantee and improvement of people's livelihoods, and solidly promote common prosperity for all.

Realizing the people's aspiration for a better life is both the starting point and the ultimate goal of Chinese-style modernization. We should strive to do our best within our capabilities, strengthen inclusive, foundational, and safety-net social welfare construction, effectively address the urgent and pressing issues that concern the public, facilitate social mobility, and improve the quality of life for the people.

To promote high-quality and full employment, we will thoroughly implement the employment-first strategy and improve the employment promotion mechanism to build an employment-friendly development model. Strengthening the synergy between industry and employment, we will actively foster new professions and new positions, and support enterprises in stabilizing and expanding their workforce. We will improve the human resource supply and demand matching mechanism, establish a lifelong vocational skills training system, and reinforce guidance on career choice and employment concepts to address structural employment contradictions. Enhancing the employment support and public service system, we aim to stabilize and expand employment for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and veterans, and promote the healthy development of flexible employment and new forms of employment. We will increase support for entrepreneurship to enhance its effect on driving employment. Improving the labor standards system and the labor relations consultation and coordination mechanism, we will strengthen the protection of workers' rights and create a fair and orderly employment environment. We will refine employment impact assessment and monitoring and early warning systems to comprehensively respond to the impact of changes in the external environment and the development of new technologies on employment.

Improve the income distribution system. Adhere to the principle of distribution according to work as the mainstay, with multiple distribution methods coexisting. Increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution and the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution. Improve the primary distribution mechanism where various factors are evaluated by the market for their contributions, and remuneration is determined according to these contributions, promoting more earnings for those who work more, possess higher skills, or are more innovative. Enhance mechanisms for determining workers' wages, ensuring reasonable growth and payment security, promote collective wage negotiation systems, improve the adjustment mechanism for minimum wages, and strengthen macro-level guidance on corporate wage distribution. Increase urban and rural residents' property income through multiple channels. Strengthen redistribution adjustments through taxes, social security, and transfer payments. Promote and regulate the development of public welfare and charity undertakings. Standardize income distribution order and wealth accumulation mechanisms, support getting rich through hard work and innovation legally, and encourage the wealthy to help others achieve common prosperity. Implement urban and rural residents' income increase plans, effectively raise the income of low-income groups, steadily expand the size of the middle-income group, reasonably adjust excessively high incomes, eliminate illegal income, and promote the formation of an olive-shaped distribution pattern.

(39) Provide education that satisfies the people. Implement the project of moral education in the new era, promote the effective integration of ideological and political courses with social practice, strengthen physical education, aesthetic education, and labor education, and improve the education evaluation system. Establish a mechanism for the allocation of educational resources that adapts to population changes and expand the supply of educational resources in towns with a net inflow of school-age population. Gradually expand the scope of free education and explore extending the years of compulsory education. Promote the expansion and improvement of basic education, coordinate the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and the high-quality and inclusive development of preschool education, expand the resources for general high school education, and provide quality special and specialized education. Promote the quality expansion of higher education and increase the enrollment scale of high-quality undergraduate education. Enhance the capacity of vocational schools and build distinctive higher vocational colleges. Guide and regulate the development of private education. Expand high-level international educational openness. Promote the spirit of educators and cultivate a high-level teaching workforce, strengthening the guarantee of teachers' benefits. Establish a collaborative education mechanism involving schools, families, and society. Deepen the implementation of the education digitalization strategy and optimize lifelong learning public services.

(40) Improve the social security system. Refine and implement the national pooling system for basic pension insurance, accelerate the development of a multi-tiered and multi-pillar pension insurance system, and improve the benefit determination and adjustment mechanisms to gradually increase the basic pension for urban and rural residents. Improve the multi-level medical security system, promote provincial-level pooling of basic medical insurance, and optimize policies for centralized drug procurement, medical insurance payments, and the use of surplus funds. Expand the coverage of unemployment and work-related injury insurance, and establish and improve the occupational injury protection system. Improve policies on the transfer and continuation of social insurance relationships, and increase the participation rates of flexible employment personnel, migrant workers, and new forms of employment. Improve the social insurance actuarial system, continue to transfer state-owned capital to strengthen the social security fund, and enhance the long-term mechanisms for the collection, overall planning, adjustment, value preservation, appreciation, and safety supervision of the social security fund. Utilize various types of commercial insurance to provide supplementary protection. Optimize the nationwide unified public service platform and administrative management services for social security. Improve the social assistance system. Enhance service and protection systems for groups such as empty-nest elderly, children in difficult situations, and persons with disabilities. Establish and improve the basic funeral service system. Uphold the fundamental national policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Strengthen services and protection for veterans.

Promote high-quality development of the real estate sector. Accelerate the establishment of a new model for real estate development and improve fundamental systems for commercial housing development, financing, and sales. Optimize the supply of affordable housing to meet the basic housing needs of urban wage earners and various disadvantaged families. Increase the supply of improved housing based on city-specific policies. Construct safe, comfortable, green, and smart "good houses" and implement projects to enhance housing quality and improve property service quality. Establish a whole-life-cycle safety management system for housing.

Accelerate the construction of a Healthy China. Implement a health-prioritized development strategy, improve the policy and institutional system for health promotion, enhance the effectiveness of the patriotic health campaign, and increase the average life expectancy and the health level of the people. Strengthen public health capabilities, enhance the disease control system, and prevent and control major infectious diseases. Improve the coordinated development and governance mechanism of medical care, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals, and promote a tiered diagnosis and treatment system. Deepen the reform of public hospitals with a focus on public welfare, including staffing, service pricing, compensation systems, and comprehensive supervision reform, and strengthen operational support for county-level and grassroots medical institutions. Optimize the functional positioning and layout of medical institutions, implement a strong foundation project for medical and health services, and promote the digitalization of national health. Strengthen comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases and develop a full chain of prevention, treatment, recovery, and management services. Enhance emergency medical services, blood supply assurance, and emergency response capabilities in all aspects. Strengthen the capacity and work style of the healthcare workforce. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine. Support the development of innovative drugs and medical devices. Enhance mental health and psychiatric services.

Promote high-quality population development. Establish a comprehensive population service system covering all demographics and life stages. Advocate for a positive view on marriage and childbirth, optimize childbirth support policies and incentives, and utilize childcare subsidies and personal income tax deduction policies to effectively reduce the costs of childbirth, upbringing, and education for families. Improve the maternity insurance system, implement maternity leave policies, and carry out early pregnancy care actions and plans to enhance the prevention and control of birth defects. Conduct in-depth pilot demonstrations of childcare service subsidies, develop inclusive childcare and integrated childcare services, and gradually improve related systems. Strengthen health services for women and children. Actively address population aging, and improve collaborative development policies and mechanisms for the elderly care sector and industry. Optimize the supply of basic elderly care services, improve urban and rural elderly care service networks, and strengthen the adaptation and accessibility of public facilities for the elderly. Develop integrated medical and elderly care services. Promote long-term care insurance, improve the care system for elderly individuals with disabilities and dementia, and expand the supply of rehabilitation care and palliative care services. Implement a gradual extension of the statutory retirement age prudently, optimize age restriction policies in employment and social security, actively develop elderly human resources, and promote the silver economy.

(44) Steadily advance the equalization of basic public services. Establish evaluation standards for the equalization of basic public services, improve the scope and content of basic public services, and formulate goals, paths, and measures to achieve equalization. Promote the provision of more public services to grassroots levels, extend coverage to rural areas, and prioritize support for remote regions and disadvantaged populations. Enhance the allocation mechanism of public resources to match the resident population. Strengthen the overall planning of basic public service supply at the county level and improve the long-term investment guarantee mechanism. Fully deepen the reform of public institutions.

Accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and build a beautiful China.

Green development is a distinctive feature of Chinese modernization. Firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and use the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as a guide to synergistically promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening, and growth. Strengthen the ecological security barrier and enhance the momentum for green development.

(45) Continue to advance the battle against pollution and optimize the ecosystem. Adhere to environmental protection for the people, fully implement precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, place greater emphasis on source governance, and strengthen collaboration in pollution reduction and carbon reduction, multi-pollutant control, and regional governance. Intensively fight the battles to defend blue skies, clear waters, and clean soil. Accelerate the implementation of the fixed pollution source supervision system centered on the pollutant discharge permit system. Implement comprehensive solid waste management actions. Strengthen environmental risk prevention and control, and intensively promote the management of new pollutants. Improve the standards, monitoring, evaluation, and assessment systems for the ecological environment.

Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, and coordinate the advancement of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems. Strictly uphold the ecological protection red line and comprehensively promote the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the mainstay, establishing new national parks in an orderly manner. Strengthen biodiversity conservation. Conduct assessments of the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration. Scientifically carry out large-scale land greening activities and tackle the key challenges of the "Three North Shelterbelt" project. Strengthen the construction of ecological barriers in regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Improve diversified ecological compensation mechanisms and expand channels for realizing the value of ecological products according to local conditions. Enhance the systematic management and ecological protection of important rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Effectively implement the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River.

Accelerate the construction of a new energy system. Continuously increase the proportion of new energy supply, promote the safe, reliable, and orderly replacement of fossil energy, and focus on building a new type of power system to construct a strong energy nation. Adhere to the diversified development of wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear energy, coordinate local consumption and external transmission, and promote the high-quality development of clean energy. Enhance the clean and efficient use of fossil energy, advance the transformation and upgrading of coal power, and replace scattered coal. Fully improve the complementarity, mutual benefit, and safety resilience of the power system, scientifically layout pumped storage, vigorously develop new energy storage, and accelerate the construction of smart grids and microgrids. Increase the level of electrification in end-use energy consumption and promote the greening and low-carbonization of energy consumption. Accelerate the improvement of market and pricing mechanisms that adapt to the new energy system.

Actively and steadily advance and achieve carbon peaking. Implement a dual-control system for total carbon emissions and intensity. Deepen the implementation of energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformations. Promote the peaking of coal and oil consumption. Improve the carbon emission statistics and accounting system, and steadily implement local carbon assessments, industry carbon management, enterprise carbon management, project carbon evaluations, and product carbon footprint policies and systems. Develop distributed energy and construct zero-carbon factories and parks. Expand the coverage of the national carbon emission trading market and accelerate the construction of the voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market. Establish and improve a green and low-carbon standards system, and promote the improvement and mutual recognition of international rules and standards. Improve the climate change adaptation work system and enhance the ability to respond to climate change, especially extreme weather.

Accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle patterns. Deepen the advancement of ecological and environmental zonal management, strengthen alignment with land and space planning, and collaboratively optimize industrial layout. Promote green and low-carbon transformation in key areas such as industry, urban and rural construction, transportation, and energy. Improve resource total management and comprehensive conservation systems, enhance waste classification and resource utilization levels, and promote the development of a circular economy. Continuously build national ecological civilization pilot zones and beautiful China pilot areas, creating high grounds for green development. Implement fiscal, financial, investment, pricing, technology, and environmental protection policies to promote green and low-carbon development. Improve green consumption incentive mechanisms and promote green and low-carbon lifestyles.

Thirteen, promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, and build a higher level of a safe China.

Building a Safe China is an important aspect of Chinese-style modernization. We must steadfastly implement the overall national security concept, follow the path of socialist governance with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that society is vibrant and orderly.

(49) Improve the national security system. Consolidate a centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system, accelerate the construction of a new security framework, and enhance the strategic initiative in maintaining and shaping national security. Adhere to strategy as the precursor, policy as the tool, rule of law as the guarantee, and risk prevention and control as the focus. Improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk prevention and control system. Strengthen coordination mechanisms in key areas and important special projects of national security, and improve emergency response efficiency. Implement the national security accountability system, promote full-chain and all-element coordinated linkage, and form a system synergy. Improve mechanisms related to foreign national security, build an overseas security support system, strengthen the fight against sanctions, intervention, and "long-arm jurisdiction," deepen international law enforcement security cooperation, and promote the improvement of global security governance. Strengthen national security education and fortify the people's defense line.

Strengthen national security capacity building in key areas. Forge practical and effective national security capabilities, emphasizing the safeguarding of major security concerns related to the long-term stability of the nation, healthy and stable economic development, and the well-being of the people, with political security as the top priority. Solidify the foundation of national security by ensuring the safety of food, energy resources, critical industrial and supply chains, and major infrastructure. Enhance exploration, development, and reserves of strategic mineral resources, improve the efficient and secure use of water resources, maintain the security of strategic channels, and advance the construction of national strategic hinterlands and backup for key industries. Strengthen national security capabilities in emerging fields such as cyberspace, data, artificial intelligence, biology, ecology, nuclear, space, deep sea, polar regions, and low-altitude areas. Enhance the ability to prevent and mitigate risks in key areas, and coordinate the orderly resolution of risks in real estate, local government debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions, while strictly preventing systemic risks.

(51) Improve the level of public safety governance. Enhance the public safety system and promote a transformation in public safety governance towards proactive prevention. Strengthen the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, and geological disasters, improve the ability to prevent, mitigate, and respond to disasters and major public emergencies, and enhance work in emergency command, production safety, and food and drug safety. Raise the intrinsic safety level of critical infrastructure to effectively curb major accidents. Deepen the development of a comprehensive social security prevention and control system and capacity, implement the responsibility of maintaining social stability, expand and strengthen the forces of mass prevention and control, improve the regular mechanism for combating organized crime, and intensify efforts to prevent and combat telecommunications and internet fraud, drug crimes, and other offenses. Promote the standardized construction of comprehensive management centers. Deepen the comprehensive governance of cybersecurity and strengthen the protection of personal information. Strengthen the prevention and management of juvenile delinquency. Fully and accurately implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity, lawfully punish illegal and criminal activities, and improve the quality and effectiveness of criminal penalty enforcement.

(52) Improve the social governance system. Uphold systematic governance, law-based governance, comprehensive governance, and governance at the source. Improve the system of social governance that features joint contribution, shared responsibility, and mutual benefits, and promote the modernization of social governance. Enhance the mechanisms for social work and improve the policies and legal framework for social governance. Strengthen the Party's leadership in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. Enhance the cultivation and management of social organizations and promote the reform and development of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Strengthen the Party's leadership in grassroots governance and the construction of grassroots political power, fully implement the list of responsibilities for townships (sub-districts), and establish a work entry system for villages (communities). Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, strengthen rural governance, and improve community governance. Leverage the primary role of the people and guide all parties to participate in social governance in an orderly manner. Promote coordinated governance online and offline. Strengthen grassroots service management and resource allocation, improve service facilities, and ensure funding mechanisms. Utilize citizen conventions, village rules, and other measures to strengthen family education and traditional family values, promote the change of outdated customs, and effectively address issues such as undesirable practices in weddings and funerals.

Improve the mechanism for serving the masses, and strengthen the foundation of social governance among the people. Enhance ideological and political guidance, improve services and management for various social groups, and establish systems for coordinating interests and safeguarding legitimate rights. Care for and support disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. Improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanisms. Strengthen the functions of public service platforms like citizen hotlines to ensure responsiveness to public needs. Develop volunteer services and enhance the management of volunteer service organizations. Advance the legalization of petition work. Deepen efforts to resolve conflicts and disputes at their source, through diverse and orderly methods. Strengthen the construction of the social work team and improve the level of professional services.

Achieve the centenary goal of building a strong military on schedule and promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces with high quality.

Consolidating national defense and building a strong military are strategic supports for Chinese-style modernization. It involves implementing Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military, adhering to the military strategic guidelines for the new era, maintaining the absolute leadership of the Party over the People's Liberation Army, and implementing the responsibility system of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. According to the new "three-step" strategy for the modernization of national defense and the military, efforts will be made to advance political strengthening of the military, reforms to strengthen the military, technological enhancement of the military, talent development for the military, and the rule of law in the military. This involves simultaneous struggle, preparation for war, and construction, accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, and enhancing strategic capabilities to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

(53) Accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities. Strengthen strategic deterrent forces to maintain global strategic balance and stability. Promote the large-scale, realistic, and systematic development of new-domain and new-quality combat forces, expedite the construction of unmanned intelligent combat forces and countermeasures, and enhance the upgrading and transformation of traditional combat forces. Coordinate the construction and application of network information systems, strengthen the development and utilization of data resources, and build an intelligent military system. Accelerate the construction of modern logistics. Implement major national defense development projects, expedite defense technology innovation and the conversion of advanced technologies, and accelerate the development of advanced weaponry and equipment. Optimize military human resource policies and systems, improve the education and training level of military academies, and create a high-quality, specialized new military talent formation. Implement projects to advance the modernization of military theory. Deepen strategic and operational planning, solidly promote realistic military training, strengthen the integration of operational capability systems, innovate combat capability construction and utilization models, and enhance the relevance, initiative, and shaping power of military struggles.

(54) Advance the modernization of military governance. Improve the leadership and management systems of the People's Armed Forces and adjust and optimize the joint operations system. Strengthen and improve strategic management, deepen the coordination of combat readiness construction, enhance combat needs guidance, innovate management methods and means, and improve the operational efficiency of military systems and the effectiveness of national defense resource utilization. Strengthen major decision-making consultation and evaluation, and major project supervision, promote the reform of military budget management, improve the military procurement system, and refine the statistical evaluation system of military construction. Fully implement the policy of building the military diligently and thriftily, and pursue a path of high efficiency, low cost, and sustainable development. Continuously deepen political rectification, promote fine traditions, and strengthen rectification and governance in key industries and fields. Deepen the promotion of the military legal system, enhance the supply and execution supervision of laws and regulations, and improve the military legal system with Chinese characteristics.

(55) Consolidate and enhance the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. Deepen cross-military-civilian reforms to establish a work pattern where each fulfills their duties, collaborates closely, and operates in a regulated and orderly manner. Accelerate the construction of strategic capabilities in emerging fields and promote the efficient integration and mutual stimulation of new productivity and new combat capabilities. Build an advanced national defense technology and industrial system, optimize the layout of defense technology industries, and promote the standardization of military and civilian standards. Strengthen the submission of military needs for national defense construction and military-civilian coordination, ensure that major infrastructure fully implements national defense requirements, and reinforce national defense strategic reserves. Accelerate the construction of national defense mobilization capabilities, enhance reserve forces, strengthen modern border, maritime, and air defense construction, and advance the concerted efforts of the Party, government, military, police, and civilians to fortify borders and defenses. Deepen nationwide national defense education and consolidate unity between the military, government, and civilians.

Fifteen: Let the whole Party and people of all ethnic groups unite to strive for the realization of the "15th Five-Year Plan".

Persisting in and strengthening the comprehensive leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese-style modernization. Adhering to the Party's self-revolution to lead the social revolution, consistently promoting strict governance of the Party, enhancing the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization capability, and social appeal, and improving the Party's ability and level to lead economic and social development will gather tremendous strength for advancing Chinese-style modernization.

(56) Adhere to and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Improve the mechanism for implementing major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee to ensure smooth communication and effective execution. Continuously unify thought, will, and action with the Party's innovative theories. Develop inner-party democracy, improve and implement the system of democratic centralism, and adhere to scientific, democratic, and law-based decision-making. Maintain the correct orientation in personnel selection, prioritize political standards, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, and improve the cadre evaluation mechanism. Reassign cadres who are not competent in their current positions and promote a regular mechanism for the advancement and demotion of leading cadres. Strengthen education, training, and practical exercises to enhance the modernization capabilities of the cadre team. Combine strict management with deep care, balance incentives and constraints, and stimulate the intrinsic motivation and overall vitality of the cadre team. Coordinate the advancement of grassroots Party organization construction in various fields, enhance the political and organizational functions of Party organizations, and give full play to the exemplary role of Party members. Persistently implement the spirit of the central eight regulations, resolutely curb various unhealthy tendencies, and promote the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style construction. Deeply carry out efforts to reduce the burden on the grassroots by rectifying formalism. Improve the supervision system of the Party and the state, and strengthen the regulation and supervision of power allocation and operation. Maintain a clear and resolute stance that anti-corruption is always on the road, integrate the efforts of preventing, curbing, and deterring corruption, and resolutely fight the tough, protracted, and overall battle against corruption. Foster a clean and upright political environment.

(57) Promote the development of socialist democracy and the rule of law. Firmly follow the path of political development with Chinese characteristics, adhering to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people's mastery of the country, and the rule of law. Develop whole-process people's democracy and improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. Maintain, improve, and effectively operate the system of people's congresses, ensuring that state organs exercise power and perform their duties according to law, and that the democratic rights and legitimate interests of the people are safeguarded and realized. Uphold and improve the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, enhancing the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body, strengthening the coordination and cooperation of various consultation channels, and promoting the extensive, multi-level, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy. Improve grassroots democratic systems to ensure that people manage grassroots public affairs and public welfare undertakings in accordance with the law. Improve mechanisms for collecting public opinions and wisdom. Better utilize the roles of trade unions, the Communist Youth League, the Women's Federation, and other mass organizations, strengthen the construction of the industrial workforce, and ensure policy support for the development of youth and women's and children's affairs. Promote the comprehensive development of human rights. Improve the overall framework for united front work and consolidate and develop the broadest patriotic united front. Strengthen the consciousness of the Chinese national community and advance its construction. Adhere to the direction of the Sinicization of religion and strengthen the rule of law in religious affairs governance. Fully implement the Party's overseas Chinese affairs policy to better unite the hearts and efforts of overseas Chinese.

Adhere to comprehensive law-based governance, and synergistically promote scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and law-abiding by all citizens. Strengthen the implementation and supervision of the Constitution and laws, and improve the systems and mechanisms for maintaining the unity of national legal order. Enhance legislative planning and review to improve legislative quality. Strengthen the construction of a law-based government, fully implement the filing and review of administrative normative documents, and improve the mechanism for substantively resolving administrative disputes. Advance the construction of digital platforms for political and legal work, strengthen cross-departmental law enforcement and judicial coordination and supervision. Regulate the operation of judicial power, improve the mechanisms for achieving and evaluating judicial fairness, and enhance the fairness, stability, and authority of judicial decisions. Strengthen prosecutorial supervision and public interest litigation. Legally protect personal rights, property rights, and personality rights, improve the long-term mechanism for regulating law enforcement related to enterprises, and prevent and correct illegal cross-regional law enforcement and profit-driven law enforcement. Improve the national enforcement system to effectively solve the problem of "difficult enforcement." Accelerate the construction of the legal system and capabilities related to foreign affairs, and improve mechanisms for international commercial mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of leading cadres handling affairs according to law, and improve the comprehensive legal evaluation work mechanism. Promote the construction of a law-based society, creating a good environment where the entire society respects the rule of law, adheres to rules, respects contracts, and maintains justice.

(58) Promote long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macau. Unwaveringly implement the principles of "One Country, Two Systems," "Hong Kong governed by Hongkongers," "Macau governed by Macanese," with a high degree of autonomy, and apply the principles of "patriots governing Hong Kong" and "patriots governing Macau." Enhance the legal governance efficiency of Hong Kong and Macau and promote their economic and social development. Support Hong Kong and Macau in better integrating into and serving the national development agenda, strengthen economic, trade, technology, and cultural cooperation between Hong Kong, Macau, and the Mainland, and improve policies and measures that facilitate the development and living conditions of Hong Kong and Macau residents in the Mainland. Leverage the unique advantages and important roles of Hong Kong and Macau in connecting to the world while backed by the Mainland, consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's status as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, support Hong Kong in building an international innovation and technology hub, continuously highlight Macau's role as "one center, one platform, one base," promote moderate diversification in Macau's economy, and support Hong Kong and Macau in becoming highlands for international high-end talent.

Promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and advance the cause of national reunification. Thoroughly implement the overall strategy of the Party for resolving the Taiwan issue in the new era, resolutely crack down on "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, oppose external interference, and safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, firmly grasping the dominance and initiative in cross-strait relations. Deepen cross-strait exchanges and cooperation, and jointly inherit and promote Chinese culture. Advance the construction of the cross-strait integration development demonstration zone with high quality, strengthen industrial cooperation, and promote cross-strait economic cooperation. Implement policies that provide Taiwan compatriots with equal treatment, creating better conditions for Taiwanese people to study, work, and live on the mainland, and enhance the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the strait.

(60) Promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Advocate for a multipolar world that is equal and orderly, and for economic globalization that is inclusive and beneficial to all. Expand the global partnership network and promote the building of new types of international relations. Deepen integration and development with neighboring countries, strengthen common security, consolidate strategic mutual trust, and build a community of shared future with neighboring countries. Maintain overall stability in major power relations, deepen unity and cooperation with developing countries, and implement the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global Governance Initiative to guide the international order towards a more just and reasonable direction. Support the collective self-reliance of the Global South, increase foreign aid, and provide more international public goods. Firmly oppose acts of hegemony, domineering, and bullying, safeguard international fairness and justice, and protect the common interests of the people of all countries. Promote the common values of humanity and work towards building a world that is enduringly peaceful, universally secure, commonly prosperous, open and inclusive, clean and beautiful, contributing China's efforts to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

(61) Fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the whole society to engage in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. In accordance with the spirit of this plenary session, formulate the national and local "15th Five-Year Plan" outlines and special plans, forming a national planning system with accurate positioning, clear boundaries, complementary functions, and unified coordination. Strengthen the monitoring, evaluation, and supervision of plan implementation, improve policy coordination and work collaboration mechanisms, and ensure the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee are implemented effectively. Adhere to the principles of respecting labor, knowledge, talent, and creativity, stimulate the enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and innovation across society, and create a dynamic situation where everyone can fully utilize their talents, and the whole nation works together with determination.

The entire Party, military, and people of all ethnic groups across the country should unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to strive together for the basic realization of socialist modernization, and continuously create new situations in advancing the great cause of building a strong nation and national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization.