Target To Reduce Plastic By 30%! South Korea Enters Plastic Recycling Controversy, Involving National Interests
Specialized VisionOn December 28th, it was observed that South Korea announced a roadmap to reduce plastic waste by more than 30% by 2030. To achieve this goal, the government is making efforts from multiple dimensions to build a relatively comprehensive governance system.

Source: Time Magazine
Waste Plastic Recycling Management: Clear Goals, Multi-Pronged Approach
在政策引导方面,政府计划分阶段提高塑料制品废弃物征费。自Since 2012, the levy has been frozen at 150 Korean won per kilogram (about $0.11), failing to accurately reflect the actual disposal costs and industry output. This adjustment aims to encourage companies to reduce plastic usage through economic leverage, thereby controlling the generation of plastic waste at its source. Additionally, preferential policies such as reductions or exemptions from the levy are offered for products made from recycled materials, incentivizing companies to actively adopt eco-friendly materials and promoting the green transformation of the plastic industry.
消费环节的引导同样关键The beverage receipt lists the price of the disposable cup separately, usually about200韩元(约0.14美元),而非将其合并入饮料价格。这一举措让消费者清晰地看到一次性杯子的成本,从而鼓励他们转向可重复使用的替代品。政府明确表示,该计划不会提高饮料价格,因为成本已包含在内,打消了消费者的顾虑,为计划的顺利实施奠定了基础。
The South Korean government is also making every effort in terms of restrictions. Limiting plastic straws to request-only use has reduced unnecessary consumption of plastic straws; promoting reusable containers in funeral homes has decreased plastic usage in the funeral industry; standardizing the thickness and materials of delivery containers facilitates subsequent recycling and processing; restricting excessive packaging in parcel delivery reduces plastic waste generation in the logistics sector. In addition, the government has strengthened regulations on recycled components in plastic bottles, requiring large manufacturers to...2026年至少使用10%的再生材料,2030年前达到30%,并引入涵盖产品制造阶段的韩国生态设计标准,从产品设计源头提高塑料产品的可回收性。

图源:再生PET
Disputes Arise: The Tragedy of Source Governance and the Dilemma of Recycling Systems
然而,韩国的废塑料回收治理路线图自公布之初就陷入了争议的漩涡。环保和民间团体纷纷发声,指出该路线图存在诸多不足。
They believe that the roadmap relies too heavily on recycling and technological fixes, neglecting the necessity of curbing plastic production itself. In reality, the actual recycling of plastic is less than...10%,这意味着大部分塑料废弃物仍未得到有效回收利用,依然对环境造成着严重威胁。而且,回收系统中循环着塑料化剂和阻燃剂等有害物质,这些物质在回收过程中可能无法被完全去除,再次进入新的塑料产品中,不仅对环境造成二次污染,还可能对人体健康产生潜在危害。
更深层次的问题在于,对化石燃料和石化行业的补贴、财政支持和税收优惠,已经构建起一个有利于塑料生产的经济结构。这种结构使得塑料生产企业在经济上缺乏减少生产的动力,即使政府出台了一系列回收治理措施,但只要塑料生产源头得不到有效控制,塑料废弃物的总量仍将居高不下。全球塑料产量已达到历史高点,到2050年可能增长三倍,这一趋势无疑给韩国的废塑料回收治理带来了巨大的压力。环保和民间团体敦促政府制定明确的塑料生产目标和时间表,将政策从以回收为中心转向再利用和减少,确保民间社会在政策实施过程中有意义地参与,以从根本上解决塑料污染问题。
人口形势:微妙变化下的社会映照
在韩国积极推进废塑料回收治理的同时,其人口形势也发生了一些微妙的变化。2024年7月至2025年10月,韩国单月出生人口数量连续16个月保持同比增势,结婚登记量也呈现增多趋势。这一变化虽与废塑料回收治理主题关联不大,但却从侧面反映出韩国社会发展的多元态势。

图源:海报新闻
韩国政府近年来出台多项政策鼓励婚育,为孕妇提供交通补贴、产后护理补贴、体检补贴等,这些措施在一定程度上减轻了家庭生育的经济负担,激发了部分家庭的生育意愿。一些地方政府积极组织集体相亲活动,为单身男女搭建相识相知的平台,促进了结婚率的提升。从数据上看,韩国10月新生儿数量为21958人,连续第16个月保持同比增长;10月总和生育率为0.81,虽仍远低于人口稳定所需的2.1,但已比去年同期有所提高。结婚登记量的增加也为生育率的回升提供了基础支撑。然而,韩国人口形势依然严峻,总和生育率仍处于低位,政府需持续优化婚育政策,进一步营造友好的生育环境,以实现人口的长期稳定增长。
前行之路:反思与突破
面对废塑料回收治理中的争议和挑战,韩国政府需要深刻反思现有路线图的不足,积极回应环保和民间团体的诉求。在源头治理方面,制定明确的塑料生产目标和时间表,逐步减少对化石燃料和石化行业的补贴,打破有利于塑料生产的经济结构,从源头上控制塑料废弃物的产生。在回收体系方面,加大对回收技术的研发投入,提高塑料回收率,确保回收过程中的有害物质得到有效处理,保障回收塑料的质量和安全性。同时,加强政策宣传和教育引导,提高公众的环保意识和参与度,形成全社会共同参与废塑料回收治理的良好氛围。
韩国在废塑料回收治理方面的探索任重而道远。通过不断反思与突破,韩国有望在解决塑料污染问题上取得实质性进展,为全球环境治理贡献更多的智慧和力量。而其人口形势的变化也为社会政策的调整和完善提供了新的契机,促使政府在追求环境可持续发展的同时,也要关注人口结构的优化和社会的发展平衡。
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