Efficient and high-speed machining is the main theme of the current mechanical manufacturing field Improving productivity is an eternal topic in the field of machinery manufacturing, and it is also a general concern in the field of machinery manufacturing. High-speed machining is currently an important means to obtain high productivity. The key is to create conditions and quickly popularize. The characteristics of the current development in the field of machinery manufacturing are: the large number of difficult-to-cut materials has significantly increased the difficulty of processing; many issues that need to be solved urgently during processing, such as hard cutting; in order to protect the environment, it is required to use less or no cutting oil. That is, dry cutting or semi-dry cutting is realized. In short, machinery manufacturing faces many difficulties. Under such circumstances, in order to increase productivity, all relevant technological advances must be comprehensively utilized. Especially in the aerospace industry system, due to the characteristics of many difficult-to-process materials, complex structure, short development cycle, and many single-piece and small-batch products, how to improve productivity and shorten the production cycle has always been an important issue for scientific and technological personnel for a long time. Problems that the system must resolve. On the other hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, how to transplant new technologies and processes is very urgent. It is worth noting that in today's world, the rapid development of science and technology has greatly promoted the rapid development of all aspects of machinery manufacturing, and various methods and means to increase productivity have emerged. As we all know, the grinding of single crystal natural diamond tools is very difficult. Generally, high-phosphorus cast iron grinding discs and diamond powder are used as abrasives, which is extremely inefficient. Recently, it was reported in Japan that stainless steel 304 (Japanese brand) with low carbon content and low thermal conductivity was used to make discs. The diamond was pressed on a 4000r/min turntable and the temperature was controlled at 800℃. The diamond removal rate was extremely high. , Up to 0.94mm3/min, do not use abrasives when working, but use physical and chemical effects, which is called thermochemical processing, which is a break from the conventional method; another example is the recent rapid prototyping (RP), which can be used without a mold The cutting speed of wire EDM can reach 70mm2/min on domestic fast-moving wire machine tools, and the machine tool of AGIE company in Switzerland can reach 500mm2/min, while that of Mitsubishi Electric The machine tool can reach 550mm2/min, reaching the general milling speed. The current high-speed grinding speed has reached 60, 120m/s, or even 200m/s, and it has reached 500m/s in the laboratory, while the general grinding speed Only 3035m/s. High-speed grinding is a high-efficiency grinding method, with shallow depth of cut and high cutting speed; another creep grinding is just the opposite of high-speed grinding, with large cutting depth and low cutting speed, but both are efficient grinding, only cutting consumption Different, so some people liken it vividly as the "tortoise and the hare", each has its own strengths. In 1931, German Carl Salomon put forward a famous prediction: the general cutting speed and cutting heat increase simultaneously, but after a dead valley that cannot be cut, even if the cutting speed increases, the cutting heat will decrease. Today, the cutting heat will decrease. The cutting speed has reached 5000m/min, and Carl Salomon's prediction will be revealed. In summary, increasing the cutting speed is an important means to increase productivity. Of course, this is not all, it has yet to be developed. Because high-speed machining is mainly embodied in milling, the following will focus on machining centers. The development of machine tools is a prerequisite for efficient and high-speed machining Due to the rapid development of machine tool manufacturing technology, huge changes are brewing in the field of machinery manufacturing. The CNC machine tool has developed into a multi-axis machining center, which integrates various processes into one, which significantly shortens the auxiliary time and improves the productivity. At the same time, it reduces the number of workpiece clamping times and improves the processing accuracy. To sum up, the current development goals of machine tools should be: reduce the replacement of processes and significantly improve efficiency; tend to be intensive and easy to improve accuracy; use advanced tools such as composite cutters and ball end mills to increase the cost per unit of time. Cutting capacity; faster cutting speed, improved cutting efficiency; can reduce the polishing process after milling; automatic exchange of cutting tools and pallets, with high automation, and significantly shortened auxiliary time; because complex parts are easy to process, it promotes the improvement of part structure Wait. From the perspective of aerospace, it is generally believed that this development of machine tools is very suitable for single-piece and small-batch production. Therefore, these equipments have been enriched in single-piece and small-batch production systems quickly and more. Practice also shows that automation is The equipment meets the needs of the development of aerospace system manufacturing technology. Of course, from the perspective of improving productivity, in addition to automated processing, there is still the problem of how to make further and more reasonable use of various technological advances. Observed from the development of machine tools, the high speed of machine tool spindles has significantly increased the speed. Machine tools higher than 10000r/min have become more common. The advancement of bearing technology provides the possibility for this. The most prominent of the development of the spindle is that the electric spindle has been commercialized. The lubrication technology of the main shaft is very critical and has received attention from all quarters. Over the years, it has developed from grease lubrication to oil mist lubrication, oil-air lubrication, under-race lubrication, and even cold air lubrication. With the development of high-speed spindles, grease lubrication can no longer be adapted, and the use of oil mist lubrication is also decreasing due to pollution. Now the most widely used is oil-air lubrication, and more reasonable is under-ring lubrication, which makes the key inner ring better. Good lubrication. The improvement of lubrication performance enables the ball bearing to withstand the high speed of 70,000r/min. The United States originally used ABEC7 high-precision bearings on machine tool spindles, and now it has developed to ABEC9, indicating that the accuracy of the bearings is necessary. Due to the development of materials, ceramic balls have appeared, making the performance of the ball bearings more improved, which is also the need to ensure the high speed of the spindle. In terms of improving the speed and accuracy of the spindle, there are also air-floating hydrostatic bearings or liquid-floating hydrostatic bearings, and magnetic bearings can reach a higher level. A few years ago, J&L and Ingersoll in the United States introduced high-speed machine tools with linear motors, which caused huge repercussions. In terms of increasing the cutting speed, the ball screw could not reach the speed, but at that time, the cost was too high. In the application, the most frequent occurrence is to increase the pitch of the lead screw, increase the number of heads, or make a hollow large diameter lead screw, which is passed with temperature-controlled water to maintain a suitable temperature. There are also people who advocate the use of static pressure screw, but there is still a big gap in performance. The maximum acceleration can reach 1 to 1.5g, while the linear motor can reach more than 10g. Later, due to the advancement of linear motor manufacturing technology, its cost was significantly reduced and its application increased significantly. Now linear motors are also used in EDM machine tools. For example, SODICK in Japan even uses 3 linear motors. High-speed machining can only be realized by the high-speed cutting of the tool. Of course, there are still a series of technologies that need to be solved around high-speed machining, for example, the speed of pallet exchange and tool exchange must be increased. Companies such as Germany’s DIGMA, CHIRON, and STAMA, Japan’s Okuma, and Mikron’s Mikron are all world-renowned high-speed machine tool manufacturers. The tool exchange time of CHIRON's small machining center has reached 0.5s. At the same time, it is also required to increase the acceleration and deceleration of the spindle, so that the spindle can stop in a very short time or reach the highest speed, which can now reach about 2s. In order to meet the needs of high-efficiency processing, the strength, rigidity, stability, and vibration resistance of the machine tool have been challenged, so CAD methods are used in the design to lay the foundation in advance; especially in the structural materials. As a result, stone materials have emerged to replace traditional cast iron and steel, such as granite, ceramics, artificial granite, and artificial marble. In ultra-precision machine tools, there are also glass ceramics with zero expansion coefficient (called Zerodur in Germany and glass ceramic in Japan). In recent decades, in order to meet the development requirements of productivity, machine tools have undergone great changes in structural materials, and the performance of machine tools has made great progress. my country has successfully developed artificial granite earlier and has a long history of granite application. The high-speed machine tool structure material of German DIGMA company uses composite polymer concrete, which improves the rigidity of the machine tool, has superior vibration attenuation (1/61/8 of casting), and low thermal deformation (1/251/2 of casting) 1/40) features. In recent years, the development of machine tools is changing with each passing day. The trend of high-speed, composite, multi-functional, and high-precision is more obvious. The main theme in the field of machinery manufacturing is to increase productivity. For example, the laser milling machine center exhibited by DMG company integrates different types of work on one machine tool; in order to better solve the problem of chip removal, the German company EMAG has developed an inverted machining center; more companies currently provide 5 Axis machining centers; especially the emergence of virtual machine tools, major changes have taken place in the design of machine tools, and it is still under development. The improvement of cutting tool performance provides the possibility for the development of high-efficiency high-speed machining If you need to achieve high-efficiency and high-speed machining, cutting tools are another important factor. The current development of cutting tool materials has created relatively good conditions for processing needs. In addition to high-speed steel and cemented carbide, the development of ceramics, cermets, and superhard materials has played an important role. Especially ceramics and superhard materials provide strong support for the development of high-efficiency and high-speed machining. What's more worth mentioning is that in 1955, the American GE company succeeded in synthesizing superhard materials with high temperature and high pressure, which prompted major changes in the cutting field. On this basis, PCD and PCBN soon appeared, creating conditions for cutting, dry cutting, hard cutting, and ultra-precision cutting of difficult-to-machine materials. Another aspect of cutting processing is the application of surface technology t