Hongxiang geosynthetic materials are widely used in the design of the base and cover layers of landfill facilities, mainly including the following aspects:
• Geogrid, which can be used to enhance the stability of the slopes beneath the waste mass and to strengthen the cover soil layer above the geomembrane;
• Geonet, which can be used for drainage;
• Geomembrane, which is a relatively impermeable polymer that can act as a barrier to liquids, gases, or vapors;
• Geocomposite, which comprises two or more layers of geosynthetic materials and can be used for separation, filtration, or drainage;
• Geotextile, which can be used for filtration or as a cushion to prevent puncturing of the geomembrane.
The following figure shows the application of geosynthetic materials in the cover layer and the bottom liner layer of a modern landfill.
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The figure above illustrates a dual-liner system. It consists of a geomembrane / GCL as the primary liner layer, and a layer of geomembrane / compacted clay liner as the secondary liner layer. A leak detection system is located between the primary liner layer and the secondary liner layer, made up of geotextile and geonet. The leachate collection system above the bottom primary liner layer is composed of gravel and a perforated geosynthetic pipe system. Below the gravel layer, a geotextile cushion is used to prevent the geomembrane of the bottom liner layer from being punctured by the gravel. The leachate collection system is located above the main liner layer of the slope liner system and consists of geosynthetic drainage boards embedded in the gravel layer (a composite of geotextile and geonet). The entire landfill surface is covered with a layer of geotextile filter to prevent clogging of the leachate collection and drainage system. Geotextile is utilized in intercepting ditches to control the water head gradient, which can maintain the water level at the bottom of the landfill. Additionally, as shown in the image, reinforced fibers are randomly distributed within the foundation soil layer below the landfill, which enhances the strength and stability of the soil; for steep slopes, geogrids can be used for reinforcement.
The landfill cover system shown in the figure includes a composite geomembrane / GCL barrier layer. The drainage layer formed by the composite of geotextile and geonet is located above the geomembrane. The soil cover layer below the erosion control system is protected by geogrids, geotextiles, geocells, etc. This reinforcement system can minimize the strain in the soil layer, which is caused by uneven settlement of the waste or future vertical expansion of the landfill. Furthermore, the cover system may include a geogrid or geotextile reinforcement layer located above the permeable barrier to ensure the stability of the surface vegetation layer. Reinforced fibers can also be utilized to enhance the stability of the surface vegetation layer in steeper areas. As depicted in the figure, the geocomposite erosion control system above the surface vegetation layer can provide erosion protection for the surface layer and ditches. The geotextile serves as a filter material for groundwater and leachate collection wells. The figure also reflects the layout of the HDPE vertical barrier system and the geosynthetic interception ditches around the landfill.
This figure provides numerous applications of geosynthetic materials that may be considered in landfill design, though not every landfill requires all components shown in the figure.
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