New Breakthrough! Yuan Tian Biotech Produces the World's First Bio-Enzymatic Regenerated PET Bottle from Waste Textiles

Core proprietary technologies and processes are the foundation of SourceSky Biotechnology. In recent years, SourceSky Biotechnology has expanded its research and development in enzyme modification and process development. Researchers have redesigned and modified the IsPETase enzyme to enhance both its activity and thermal stability; they have redesigned and modified the PET hydrolase LCC-ICCG to boost its catalytic activity; they have conducted a semi-rational design on the PET hydrolase PHL7 to improve its activity and thermal stability; and they have developed new processes to enhance the catalytic effect of PET hydrolases. The specific research results are as follows:

— 1 — Design and Modification of IsPETase Enzyme

The research team at Source天地 Biotech conducted rational design on PET hydrolase IsPETase to enhance its thermal stability. Through protein backbone structure analysis, they selected two flexible regions with considerable fluctuations for modification, aiming to regulate stability through electrostatic interactions.

Specifically, in Bioresour. Technol., 2022, 364: 128026, Asp157 located on the β6-β7 loop was selected as the target residue, and site-directed mutations were performed at Ser92 on the α3 helix and Ile139 on the α4 helix to construct salt bridges between these sites. This was aimed at enhancing the interactions between secondary structures to stabilize the fluctuating flexible region, thereby improving the overall stability of the enzyme and increasing its selectivity for the product TPA (Figure 1).

Technical personnel performed a semi-saturation mutation at the Ser92 site on the α3 helix and further screened the IsPETaseS92P/D157A mutant through a semi-rational design method. Under the condition of mutating only two sites, the stability achieved was the same as that reported in the literature with more than 10 mutations.

Figure 1 Rational design to enhance the thermal stability/selectivity/activity of PET hydrolase based on (semi) rational design.

-2- Design and Modification of PET Hydrolase LCC-ICCG

The researchers conducted rational design on the PET hydrolase LCC-ICCG to enhance its catalytic activity. By analyzing the active site of the protein, they selected nearby sites for modification, aiming to achieve catalytic activity regulation based on optimized interactions.

Specifically, in Biosur Technol., 2024, 406: 130929, hydrophobic modification and charge optimization were performed on amino acids near the active pocket to obtain the optimal single-point mutation (H183Y). Additionally, evolutionary analysis was used to enhance long-range interactions to improve the flexibility of the binding pocket (L124G/S29A), thereby alleviating the epistatic effects caused by the combination mutations and enhancing catalytic activity (Fig. 2).

In J. Hazard. Mater., 2025, 490: 137837, researchers emphasized the important role of the β8-α6 loop in the class I PET-degrading enzyme ICCG based on structural analysis. By combining rational design with simulation, they screened the LCC-ICCGH183Y/L202I/I208T/T153A mutant, which not only improved structural stability but also enhanced PET degradation activity by 3.46 times, outperforming other reported LCC-ICCG mutants.

Figure 2 Rational design to enhance the catalytic activity of PET hydrolase based on structural analysis.

— 3 — Design and Modification of PHL7 PET Hydrolase

Researchers conducted semi-rational design on PET hydrolase PHL7 to enhance its activity and thermal stability. First, they established an energy-guided cumulative mutation strategy. Based on different molecular docking software, they analyzed the energy contributions of each residue in the complex structure after molecular dynamics simulations to identify key residue sites that play crucial roles in the binding of PHL7 to its substrate. They then performed two-step virtual screening based on folding energy and enzyme-substrate binding energy. The mutant variants obtained from the screening were validated through PET enzyme hydrolysis experiments. The results showed that compared to wild-type PHL7, the activity of 21 single-point mutants was improved. Further, by employing a cumulative mutation strategy, advantageous mutants were combined and screened. Ultimately, the highest-performing combination mutant, FlashPETase (PHL7E148K/T158P/S184E/H185Y), was obtained, which exhibited an activity 2.4 times higher than PHL7. Relevant research content has been published in Biochem. Eng. J., 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2025.109708.

Figure 3 Enhancing the thermal stability/activity of PET hydrolase PHL7 based on semi-rational design.

- 4 - Catalytic Applications of PET Hydrolase

In the PET enzymatic degradation process,针对高结晶度底物的限制，researchers in Bioresour. Technol., 2025, 416: 131759 developed an enzymatic degradation process based on ball milling pretreatment to achieve efficient degradation of high-crystallinity polyester fibers (Fig. 4). This process has three advantages: simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and no use of toxic or harmful chemicals. Based on this technology, the yield of terephthalic acid (TPA) in PET enzymatic degradation products was significantly increased by 23.8 times, reaching 60.9%, and the purity of TPA in the soluble compounds released was also significantly improved.

Regarding the complexity of enzyme hydrolysis products, researchers in Bioresour. Technol., 2024, 413: 131461 screened the bifunctional PET hydrolase IsPETasePA to balance its degradation efficiency for both PET and MHET, and developed an efficient PET enzymatic process to enhance the purity of TPA (Figure 5). The study found that the pH decrease caused by TPA generation hindered the complete conversion of MHET to TPA. Further catalytic mechanism analysis indicated that the change in pH induced the protonation of His208 in the catalytic triad of the PET hydrolase, disrupting the interaction between IsPETasePA and MHET, thus limiting the conversion of MHET to TPA. To overcome this limitation, the researchers combined the bifunctional IsPETasePA with pH regulation strategies to achieve high-purity TPA recovery using only a single enzyme (>99% purity).

Figure 4 Development of an efficient/simple/eco-friendly enzymatic hydrolysis process for PET based on substrate pretreatment

Figure 5 High-purity PET enzymatic hydrolysis product recovery process based on bifunctional hydrolase and pH regulation